ZEBU 2IJ0

ZEBU

2IJ0

ZEMSTVOS

animal, with a longer mane and a fuller tail. Its general ground-color is pale yellowish brown. The stripes are dark brown or black, but do not extend so far on the limbs and on the tail as they do in the mountain zebra. The zebra has never been successfully domesticated. Experiments

have proved that it can be made to work well in harness, if properly treated, but general improvement and making use of it seem impossible of attainment. The flesh is eaten by the natives, and the hide is used for leather. The quagga (a. v.) is not a true zebra.

Ze'bu, the name sometimes used for a humped ox of India (Bos Indiens). This name, however, is not used in India, being an invention of foreign people. The zebu is closely related to the domesticated ox. It no longer is found in the wild state. The animal possesses a well-marked hump of fat on the shoulders, which is considered a delicacy for the table. It has long ears pointing downward and very short blunt horns. The cows are milked. These animals are used in plowing, for drawing carriages and for riding. Similar animals are found in China and in eastern Africa. The sacred bulls of the Hindus belong to this species.

Zechari'ah, one of the ancient Hebrew prophets, was born in Babylonia during the captivity, and accompanied the exiles on the return to Jerusalem under Zerub-babel and Joshua. Very little is known of his history, but there is enough to show that he was a man of great influence and combined the functions of priest and prophet. His prophecies may be divided into three parts. The first eight chapters consist mainly of a series of visions relating to the building of the temple and the glory that shall result for Jerusalem; the second portion, chapters ix-xi, threatens Damascus and Phoenicia with ruin and predicts that Judah will be greater than Javan (Greece)

and that both Egypt and Assyria will be humbled; while the remaining portion sets forth that dark times are before Judah, which shall be an ordeal for the nation, a'ter which a millennium of holiness will be ushered in. "In that day upon the bells of the horses shall be Holiness unto the Lord; and the pots in the Lord's house shall be like the bowls before the altar. Yea! every pot in Jerusalem and in Judah shall be holiness unto the Lord of hosts."

7.?v'mb.r\ Effect, an important relation between light and magnetism, discovered by Zeeman of Holland in 1897. This relation is as follows : Zeeman found that if a flame colored with ordinary table-salt — the so-canid sodium flame — is placed between the poles of a strong electromagnet and examined with a powerful spectroscope, the appearance of the sodium lines is very much changed. Later investigations show that spectral lines are tripled when the source of light is in a magnetic field and also that the components of the triplet are polarized. For details consult Michelson's article in The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. VII, pp. 131-8 (1898).

Zeis'berger, David, a Moravian missionary, born in Moravia, April 11, 1721, who, after emigrating to America and living in Georgia a number of years, became one of the founders of the Moravian colony at Bethlehem, Pa., in 1740. Soon after this he became a missionary to the Indians, laboring zealously at various places in the colony. In 1772 he explored the Tuscarawas valley in Ohio and laid out a town, about ten miles from the present town of Canal Dover, being joined soon after by a number of Moravian Indians from Pennsylvania. In 1781 this settlement was broken up, and Zeisberger and his Indians were compelled to move to Sandusky, but in 1798, when Congress granted to the Moravian Indians the tract on which they had formerly lived on the Tuscarawas, a portion of them returned and formed a new settlement, which they named Goshen. Here Zeisberger died on Nov. 17, 1808.

Zem'stvos, district and provincial assemblies in European Russia, established by Emperor Alexander on Jan. 1, 1864. Under certain restrictions they administer the economic affairs of districts and provinces, under Upranas. They are composed of representatives elected by the peasantry, the householders of the towns and the landed proprietors. By the law of June 12, 1890, important modifications were introduced, increasing the powers of noble landowners in the affairs of the zemstvos and suppressing the right of peasants to elect deputies to the zemstvos (they present candidates out of whom the governor of the province names a deputy), thus reducing the number of representatives and limiting their powers. The institutions of the

ZEBRA