YOUNGSTOWN

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YTJCCA MOTH

most of the leading cities (and in some smaller towns) in the United States Great Britain and scores of other countries, whose special object is to promote the welfare of young men. The condition of active membership in this organization is membership in some Evangelical church; but young men not members of churches are admitted »'as associate-members and are entitled to all the privileges of the association, except a voice in the election of its officers. In addition to various religious services the Association generally provides a library and reading-room (open to the public), a gymnasium, bathroom, lectures, special instruction and proper amusements; and its power for good has been demonstrated so clearly as to command universal recognition. The first association organized in the United States was at Boston in the winter of 1851-2, but on account of the Civil War the growth of the institution hardly began until 1866. In 1906 there were in North America 1,952 associations in cities and towns, 577 in universities and colleges, 161 among railroad men, 321 with the army and navy, 86 among the negroes and 43 among the Indians, making a total of 1,997 associations, with 405,789 members. In 400 associations special work was carried on for boys. The associations own and occupy on this continent 589 buildings valued at $34,132,245, with 654 libraries, containing 555,320 volumes; and there were 2,500 secretaries at the heads of the' various branches. There are nearly 8,000 associations in the world. See Williams, Sir Gso. W.

Young's Mod'ulus. See Elasticity.

Young'stown, O., county-seat of Mahoning County, on the Mahoning River, 67 miles from Cleveland and 64 from Pittsburg. Being in a coal and iron region, it has become a very important manufacturing center, having rolling-mills, blast-furnaces, steel-plants and allied industries, producing boilers, bridges, cars, cranes, engines, forg-ings, machinery and steel-castings. It also manufactures automobiles, brass-castings, flour, leather and powder, and has oilcloth and rubber-plants. The buildings of most note are Dollar Savings and Trust Company, the Y. M. C. A. building, the City Hospital and Memorial Kindergarten. The city has excellent public and parochial schools, a high school (Rayen School) and several private schools. Here are McMillan Library and Rayen School Library. There are many churches representing several denominations. Population 79,066.

Young Women's Christian Association is an organization which seeks to help young women by providing for their physical, social, mental and spiritual wants. The means used are Bible training-classes, evangelical meetings, personal religious work, libraries and reading-rooms, classes in

various studies, musical and literary entertainments, socials and receptions in homelike rooms, helpful companionships and holiday excursions. There is a special department for young women of colleges. .In 1891 there were 1,000 associations in Great Britain; 50 on the continent of Europe; 20 in India; 25 in Australia; 225 in America; and in other places, including China and Japan, 175. The total in the world was 1,500. In 1901 America had 74 city and 409 student associations, with a membership of 49,175. Theie now are associations affiliated with the American committee in 552 colleges and 104 cities, with 24 state organizations. Each state holds an annual convention. The membership of local associations connected with the American committee is 100,252. The international association was formed in 1886. The work is controlled by an international committee of 46 members. Twenty-four states had organized state associations in 1909. The state associations hold conventions yearly, and the international convention meets every two years. The Evangel is a monthly organ of the associations, published at Chicago.

Ypsilanti (ĭp'sĭ-lăn'íĭ), a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, on the Michigan Central Railroad, 30 miles west of Detroit. Considerable manufacturing is carried on, and it is a prominent educational center, being the seat of Michigan Normal School, one of the leading educational institutions of the country. Population 6,232.

Yucatan ( yōō'kă-tān' ), a peninsula of Mexico, bounded on the west and north by the Gulf of Mexico, on the east by the Caribbean Sea and on the south by Guatemala. It comprises the states of Yucatan and Campeche. The eastern coast is indented with numerous bays, some forming excellent harbors. The face of the country is low and level, except in the east, where a chain of hills extends from northeast to southwest. The only important river is the Usumasinta. The soil in some portions is very fertile, yielding abundant crops of maize, rice, tobacco, sugar-cane and other agricultural products. According to a law that now is enforced education is free and compulsory. The primary schools, though mainly supported "by the states and cities, receive governmental grants, and there are secondary schools, seminaries and colleges for higher education. The area of the peninsula is 53,290 square miles. Population of the peninsula 400,629. Merida, the capital of Yucatan, has a population of

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Yucca (yuk'ka) Moth, a small moth which gathers pollen and fertilizes the yucca-plant. A very remarkable relation has been shown to exist between this moth and the plant. The yuccas are lily-like plants, of which the Spanish bayonet is an example. The