YEN

2123

YORK

Chicago via St. Paul (Minn.) and Bismarck (N. Dak.) to Livingston (Mont.), thence southwest to Cinnabar, and thence by stage through the park. From St. Louis, Kansas City and from Burlington (la.) the Burlington route, via Omaha, is also available, the entrance being also by way of Livingston (Mont.) and Cinnabar, on the northwestern boundary of Wyoming. From Cinnabar a daily stage sets out for Mammoth Hot Springs, by way of Gardiner, a distance of six miles, where good accommodation for sight-seers is to be had, as well as at convenient points in the five days' staging throughout the park, under a franchise from the United States government. From Mammoth Hot Springs the stage-route embraces the Norris Geyser basin, the Lower Geyser, the Upper Geyser and the Lake Geyser at the western arm of Yellowstone Lake (over which a steamboat now plies), thence on the return route by way of the Grand Canon and the Falls of the Yellowstone. The roads throughout are good, being maintained by the government.

Yen, the unit of value and account in Japan, its value being 48.5 cents in American money. Japan mints the following coins in gold (besides the silver yen) : 1,2, 5, 10 and 20 yen pieces — the value of the 10-yen piece being $4.85; and of the 20-yen piece $9.70 the rough equivalent of our $5 and $10 gold coins.

Yenisei (yen1 ḗ-sā' é), one of the largest rivers of Siberia, formed by the junction of the Onlon-Keme and the Bey-Keme, which rise in the mountains on the southern border of the country. It flows northward through the center of Siberia intp the Arctic Ocean, forming at its mouth a long estuary. In the earlier part of its course it is interrupted by falls and rapids, but afterwards flows through a great plain or steppe, receiving many tributaries, its total length being over 3,000 miles.

Yew, the common name of species of Taxus, a genus of conifers, distributed throughout the northern temperate regions. The most noticeable peculiarity of the genus is the development of a fleshy (usually scarlet) cup (''aril") about the naked seed, making the fruit look like an open berry. The common yew of Europe (T. baccata), very often cultivated, especially in cemeteries, is a tree of somber aspect. Veneration and superstition have long clung about it. It lives to a great age in the Old World. The American (T. Canadensis) is a more or less prostrate form, which is especially abundant northward; a stunted shrub with very tough wood.

Yez'o or Yes'so, the most northerly of the four principal islands which compose the empire of Japan. It is known also as Hokkaido. This island is mountainous and has volcanoes; it is rich in fine timber and valuable minerals, especially coal; and the

rivers and coasts abound in fish. Area of Yesso or Yezo 36,299 square miles. Population 460,155.

Yokohama (yo'ko-ha'ma), a town of Japan on the island of Nippon. In 1854 it was a small fishing-village, but after it supplanted Kanagawa as the treaty-port of Yeddo in 1859 it rapidly increased. Since the recent changes in the policy of the Japanese government great improvements have been made; and broad and cleanly streets have taken the place of the former narrow and dirty thoroughfares. Population 326,035.

Yonge, Charlotte Mary, English novelist, was born at Otterbourne, Hampshire, on Aug. 11, 1823. The novel by which she is best known, although she has published several others, is The Heir of Red-clyffe. She is said to have devoted large sums accumulated from the sale of her writings to the aid of religious missions in New Zealand. She died on March 24, 1901.

Yon'kers, N. Y., a city of Westchester County, on the Hudson River, immediately north of New York City. It was incorporated as a village in 1855; and in 1872 the town was divided, the northern portion becoming the city of Yonkers and the southern portion becoming Kingsbridge, and in 1874 a part of the city of New York. Yonkers is built on terraces rising from the Hudson 426 feet above tidewater and commanding a view of the Hudson and its Palisades. The buildings of note are the government building, three hospitals, Leake and Watts Orphan Home, the Hebrew Home for the Aged and Infirm and St. Joseph's Training School for Nurses. Yonkers has 30 churches, an admirable system of public and parochial schools, a public high school and, near the city-limits, St. Joseph's Seminary and Mount Saint Vincent Academy. The city also possesses a Carnegie Library Woman's Institute Library and Hollywood Inn for Workingmen, with its library of 6,000 volumes. Population 79.803.

York, a city of England, situated at the junction of Ouse and Foss Rivers, nearly equidistant from London and Edinburgh. York is the most ancient of British cities. Before the Roman invasion it was Caer Ebroc, one of the chief towns of the Bri-gantes, the most numerous and powerful of the British tribes; and during the Roman dominion it was Eboracum, a city of the first importance. Here Hadrian lived and Severus died. Here, too, died Constantine Chlorus. Many mistakenly suppose that Constantine the Great was born here. When the Roman emperors visited Britain, Eboracum was their chosen residence, as it was the residence of the imperial legates when the emperors, were absent. Alcuin, tutor of Charlemagne's children; Etty the painter; and Flaxman the sculptor were natives of York. The first English parlia-