HILL " »74 HIMALAYA

HILL                               "                            »74                                                 HIMALAYA

1821, graduated at West Point in 1842, and served through the Mexican War. In 1859 he became president of the military institute at Charlotte, Va. At the beginning of the Civil War he entered the Confederate service, and was made colonel of the 1st North Carolina volunteers. He rose to the rank of major-general, and remained in-the service until the surrender of Johnston's army. After the close of the war he returned to Charlotte, N. C, and became the Çublisher of Field and Farm and, later, of he Land We Love. General Hill was the author of Elements of Algebra, The Crucifixion of Christ and Consideration of the Sermon on the Mount. He died at Charlotte, N. C, Sept. 24, 1889.

Hill, James Jerome. In 1856 there arrived in St. Paul, Minn., then a frontier village, an 18-year-old boy from Cana-da. Born in Guelph, Ontario, Sept. 16, 1838, of well-to-do Scotch-Irish parents, James J. Hill was to have been educated for the medical profession. A lover of nature and books, he was thought unfitted for a business career. His father's death gave to the United States the man who was to win the nickname of Colossus of Roads. For nine years after coming to the states, he remained a clerk in the office of a Mississippi River steamboat company. In 1865 he opened an office and brought the first coal to St. Paul. Five years later he had a wagon-line to Red River and was sending coal on packets up to Winnipeg, Manitoba. The possibilities of trade in fuel by wagon were limited, and Red River froze for months every year. Development was retarded by lack of means to bring fuel, machinery and supplies in and to carry wheat to market.

Hill found an infant railroad, the St. Paul and Pacific, which had reached the western boundary of Minnesota, but was in poor condition physically and financially. He formed a company, bought this road and completed it to Winnipeg, as the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba. Seeing the results which must follow the development of the vast northwest, he now determined to build a trunk-line to the Pacific at Puget Sound, running between the Canadian Pacific on the north and the Northern Pacific on the south. This great enterprise, beset with tremendous obstacles, physical and economic, he carried through successfully, completing the Great Northern to Seattle in 1893. The system with

branches, one reaching up to Saskatchewan, measures 7,500 miles. He next established a steamship line to the Orient, building a fleet of his own on the Pacific and another on Lake Superior, thus carrying to the far East Pittsburg rails, Chicago farm-implements, southern cotton-goods and tobacco, as well as wheat and lumber from the Pacific coast.

The accomplishment of this vast enterprise was due to the genius, power and resourcefulness of one man, James J. Hill, the projector of the system; its chief of construction; its traffic manager; its advance agent; its foreign ambassador. He was the pioneer of economy. He was the first to conceive and use the ideas of low grades, heavy power, large capacity, big train-loads, the greatest possible volume of traffic to be handled at the lowest possible cost. Not less was he a potent factor in the development of the resources of the vast region traversed by his lines; laying out town-sites; locating industries; running a model wheat-ranch of 35,000 acres in North Dakota, a 3,000-acre stock-farm near St. Paul; scattering his blooded stock along the line for breeding purposes; and addressing farmers' meetings on scientific methods, markets and investments.

Hills'boro, Texas, county-seat of Hill County, is located in a fine agricultural section. Among its industries are the machine-shops of the M. K. and T., a cotton-mill and compress, a cotton-seed oil mill, tannery, grain-elevator, flour-mill, ice-factory etc. The city has ten churches, an admirable public school system, a twenty thousand dollar high school and a fine courthouse. Hillsboro has pure artesian water and an electric light plant, and owns its waterworks and sewerage system. It has the service of four railroads and a population of 6,115.

Hill'is, Nev/ell Dwight, the pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, was born in 1858 in Iowa. He is the author of a number of religious and social writings, including The Investment of Influence; The Influence of Christ in Modern Life; Success Through Self-Help and Building a Working Faith.

Himalaya (hï-mă'lâyà), from two Sanskrit words, meaning snow-abode, in the southern and central parts of Asia, are not a single range, but a system of parallel ranges some 1,500 miles long. The mountains of the southern range are among the loftiest in the world, many of them axceed-ing 20,000 feet in height. One, Mt. Everest (29,002), is the highest measured mountain in the world. Among the others are Mt. Godwin-Austen ( 28,250 ), Kunchinjinga (28,156), Dhwalagiri (26,826) and Nanda-Devi (25,700). They form the southern slope. There are other peaks, whose height has not been ascertained, that are believed

JAMES JEROME HILL