Rights of fishing and sporting.

Rights of fishing in tidal waters.

Several fishery in tidal waters.

Rights of fishing in nun-tidal waters.

(r) See Goldsmid v. Tunbridge Wells Improvement Commissioners, L. R. 1 Ch. 349: Crossley v Son Ltd. v. Lightowler, L. R. 2 Oh. 478; Baxendale v. McMurray, ib. 790.

(s) See Magor v. Chadwick, 11 A. & E. 571; Williams on Commons, 341, 342.

(t) Ward v. Creswell, Willes, 265: Bagott v. Orr, 2 Bos. & P. 472: Blundell v. Catterall, 5 B. & A. 268, 276, 294, 301, 304; Mal-son v. O'Dea, 10 H. L. C 593, 618; Carlisle Corpn. v. Graham, L. R. 4 Ex. 361, 367, 368; Brinckman v. Matley, 1904, 2 Ch. 313, 315, 325, 327; Fitzhardinge v. Pureell, 1908, 2 Ch. 139, 165 - 167; Williamson Commons, 265, 266.

(u) Above, pp. 420, 421.

(x) Stat. 9 Hen. III. c. 16.

(v), Somerset v. Fogwell, 5 B & C. 875, 884; Malcomson v. O'Dea, 10 H. L. C. 593, 618; Gam v. Free Fishers of Whitstable, I 1 H. L. C. 192, 209; Carlisle Corpn. v. Graham, L. R. 4 Ex. 361; Northumberland v. Houghton, L. R. .') Ex. 127: Neill v. Devonshire, 8 App. Cas. 135, 158, 177 -180; A. -G. v. Emerson, 1891, A. C 649: Fitzhardinge v. Purcell, 1908,2Ch. 139; Williams on Commons, 268. Several fisheries so granted are, however, subject to the public right of navigation; see cases cited above, p. 120, n. (l).

Rights of fishing severed from the ownership of the soil.

Several fishery.

Common of piscary.

(z) Hale de Jure Maris. Ch. 1, p. 1 (see Hargrave's Law Tracts; The Banne, Davis. 55, 56, 57; 2 Black. Comm. 39: Marshall v. Ulleswater Steam Navigation Co., 3 B. & S. 732, 745, 748: Bristow v. Cormican, 3 App. Cas. 64l, 664; Pearee v. scotcher, 9 Q. B. D. 162, 165, 167: Bowen, L. J., Blount v. Layard, 1891, 2 Ch. 681, n., 689, n: Hindson v. Ashby, 1896, 2 Ch. 1, 9, 10; Eckroydy. Coulthard, 1897, 1 Ch. 554, 566; 1S98. 2 Ch. 358, 366, 373

(a) Above, p. 419.

(b) See authorities cited in note (z)above; Williams on Commons, 269; Stuart Moore on Fisheries, 113: Hanbury v. Jenkins, 1901, 2 Ch. 401, 405, 415, 419, 421; Chesterfield v. Harris, 1908, 2 Ch. 397.

(c) Williams on Commons, 18: Fitzgerald v. Firbank, 1897, 2 Ch. 96. '

(d) Malcomson v. O'Dea, 10 H. L. C. 593, 618, 619; Hanbury v. Jenkins, 1901, 2 Ch. 401, 411.'

(e) Williams on Commons, 259: Stuart Moore on Fisheries, 32 sq.; Chesterfield v. Harris, 1908, 2 Ch. 397, 412, 418 - 424, 426-429

(f) Above, p. 420.

(g) Somerset v. Fogwell, 5 B. & C. 875; Williams on Commons, 264: Hanbury v. Jenkins, 1901 2 Ch. 4 01. A claim to a several fishery in gross cannot be established under the Prescription Right of sporting.

Lessee's rights of fishing and sporting.

Act (stat. 2 & 3 Will. IV. c. 71); Shuttleaorth v. Le Fleming, 19 C. B. N. S. 687: see Williams on Commons, 1, 4, 5, 9, 11, 265. As to the legal effect upon a several fishery of a river changing its course, see cases cited above, p. 419, n (d).

(h) Hanbury v. Jenkins, 1901, 2 Ch. 401.

(i) See above, p. 120, n. m .

(k) Hudson v. Macrue, 4 B. & S.

585; Hargreaves v. Diddams, L. R. 10 Q. B. 582; Pearce v.

Scother, 9 Q. B. D. 162: Smith v. Andrews, 1891, 2 Ch 678

(l) See Case of Monopoles, 11 Rep. 84b,. 87b; Williams on Commons, L8, 82, 152, 228 sq., 240 - 213; Devonshire v. O'Connor, 24 Q. B. D 468.

(in) See Wickham v. Hawker, 7 M. & W. 63; Ewart v. Graham, 7 H. L. C. 331, 334, 335; Ho v. Clark, L. R. 2 Q. B. 200; Webber v. Lee, 9 Q. B. D 315; Lowe v. Adams, 1901, 2 Ch. 598. As to the difference between a mere licence and the grant of a profit a prendre, see Wood v. Lead, bitter, L3 M. & W 838, 844, 845; Holford v. Bailey, 13 Q. B. 426, 146: Lowe v. Adams, 1901, 2 Ch. 598, 601: and see Grove v. Partal, 1902, 1 Ch. 727. (n) Except, however, as to game, in the case of leases made before the 5th Oct., 1831: see stat. 1 & 2 Will. IV. c. ss. 6 - 8: Col man v. Bathurst, L. R. 6 Q. B. 366; Pochin, v Smith, .52 J. P. 4;Jones v

In buying a manor or any waste land of a manor, it should be borne in mind that the lord of the manor is entitled to the soil of any waste land of the manor, including any mines or minerals thereunder, and is consequently entitled to the right of sporting thereover (t), but such ownership is subject to all rights of common thereover of the freehold and copyhold tenants of the manor(u). Since the 21st of September, 1893, the lord's right of approvement under the Statutes of Merton and Westminster the Second (x) of any part of a common is only exercisable with the consent of the Board of Agriculture (y). The lord of a manor has no right to enter upon any lands held by his freehold or copyhold tenants for the purpose of sporting thereover (z), or for any other purpose (a).

Waste land of a manor.

Davies, 86 L. T. 447; Wms. Pers. Prop. 21 - 27, 11th ed.; 47, 141-143, 16th ed.

(o) It is the general practice so to reserve the rights of sporting in granting leases of agricultural land: see Davidson, Prec. Conv.. vol. v., pt. i., pp. 87, 215, 227, 228, 243, 260, 3rd ed.; Davidson's Concise Precedents, 390, 398, 18th ed. Such reservations are subject to the provisions of the Ground Game Acts, 1880 and 1906, stats. 43 & 44 Vict. c. 47;

6 Edw. VII. c. 21; see Wms. Pers. Prop. 141, 16th ed.

(p) Bird v. Higginson, 2 A. &

E. 696, 704, 6 A. & E. 824;

Brigstoeke v. Rayner, 40 J. P. 245.

(q) Doe v. Lock, 2 A. & E. 705, 710, 743; Wickham v. Hawker, 7 M. & W. 63, 76, 77; Ewart v.

Graham, 7 H. L. C. 331, 334, 335; Proud v. Bates, 11 Jur. N. S. 441; see however as to a reservation of the right to kill game, R. v. Thurlstone, 1 E. & E. 502.

(r) See Lowe v, Adams, 1901, 2 Ch. 598; May v. Belleville, 1905, 2 Ch. 605; Laws of England, .\.. 377, 401, Sec. 678, 721 (by the writer).

(s) Litt. s. 1: Co. Litt. 9 a, b, 307 a; Hewlins v. Shippam, 5 B. & C. 221, 228, 229.

(t) Bract, fo. 227, 228; Townley v. Gibson, 2 T. R. 701; Williams on Commons, 103 sq., 150 - 152, 212, 213, 240 - 243; Lancashire v. Hunt, 10 Times L. R. 310; above, pp. 409, n. (n), 427, and n. (l)