*Cicero Be Divin. L. ii. $. 68. Diod. Sicul. L. xvii P. 575.

† Dion. Caas. L. xlv.

‡ Dion. Cass. L. vi. §. 1. Xipit in August.

§Dion. Cass. L. lxxi.

║ Tphigen, in Tauris.

These seem to have been imitated in later times, as in the dream of Arlotte, the mother of William the Conqueror, who fancied that her bowels were spread over all Normandy *; in that of the mother of the Maid of Orleans, who dreamed that she brought forth a thunderbolt; and lastly in that of the mother of Scanderbeg, who is said to have dreamed that she saw a serpent which covered all Epirus, his head being stretched over the Turkish dominions, where he devoured every tiling with bloody jaws, his tail spreading over the Christian empire, and particularly affecting the Venetian empire †.

* Baker's Chron. P. 28.

† Barletii Hist, de Gest. Scand. L. i. C. 82. P. 130.

There are some other dreams of a similar description, which seem to have been contrived like other auspicious omens, to excite confidence in military expeditions, and to shed a divine grace on conquerors. When Timoleon was about to sail from Corinth on an enterprize against Syracuse, the priestess of Proserpine had a dream, in which the goddess and her mother Ceres appeared in a travelling dress, promising to accompany Timoleon into Sicily; in respect to which dream a sacred galley was built, and called the Galley of the Goddess *.

Germanicus,the night before his victory over Arminius, is represented to have dreamed, that his robe being sprinkled with blood of a sacrifice which he performed, he received another more beautiful from his grandmother †.

* Plutarch, in Timoleon. † Tacit Annal. L. ii. §. 14.

Even savage nations appear to have availed themselves of this art. Thus among the Tartars, who in ancient times lived in Imaus, a part of Mount Taurus, was a sort of lawless wandering shepherds, among whom were certain families, called Malgotz, leagued under chosen leaders, though subject to be oppressed by the neighbouring nations: among those a blacksmith of the name of Cangius, pretended to have seen in a dream a person in armour sitting on a white horse, who thus addressed him? "Cangius, it is the will of God that thou shouldest shortly be the king and ruler of the Tartars that are called Malgotz, thou shalt free them from that servitude under which they have long groaned, and the neighbouring nations shall become subject unto them." Cangius the next morning rehearsed his dream before the seven princes and elders of Malgotz. Being disregarded, all of them the next night seemed in their sleep to behold the person of whom he had told them, and to hear him commanding them to obey Cangius. Where-upon the princes assembling took the oath of allegiance, and entitled Cangius their first emperor, or in their language, Chan, from whence the title was derived to his successors: (he emperor freed his people, reduced Georgia and the greater Armenia, and afterwards wasted Polonia and Hungary *.

These accounts are equalled by others in later times. Ertucules, having slept after dinner, was confounded when he awaked with a dream; and having, according to the precepts of his religion, bathed his body to purify himself, repaired to Edebales, a person of great reputation for wisdom and sanctity, and thus addressed him. I dreamed, venerable Sir, that the brightness of the moon did proceed from your bosom and thence afterwards did pass into mine; when it was thither come, there sprung up a tree from my navel which overshadowed at once many nations, mountains, and valleys. From the root of this tree there issued waters sufficient to irrigate vines and gardens, and there both my dream and my sleep forsook me." Edebales, after some pause, thus answered. "There will be born unto you, my good friend, a son whose name shall be Osman, he shall wage many wars, shall acquire to himself victory and glory, and your posterity shall be lords and kings of many nations, but my daughter must be married to your son Osman, and she is that brightness which you saw come from my bosom into yours, and from both sprung up the tree." The prediction is represented as the more remarkable for the emblem of the moon, since we know that the crescent is the chief and most remarkable ensign of the Turkish nation. The relation has the air of a pompous and idle tale, invented, probably, by the flattery of parasites or historians *.

* See Gregor de Repub. L. six. C §. 19. Herbert's Travels, L. vi. .Purchas. Pilg. tom. i. L. iv. §. 2.

Hatred and indignation have also fabricated dreams unfavorable to the character of tyrants.

* Lips. Marsil. L. i. C. 5 P. 70.

While Dionysius, the Syracusan, was yet in a private station, Himera, a woman of distinguished family, is said to have dreamt, that having ascended into heaven, and contemplated the seats of the gods, she observed a powerful man of a swarthy and freckled complexion bound by iron chains to the throne of Jove under his feet; on interrogating the youth who conducted her, she understood that he represented the dreadful fate of Sicily and Italy, and that when loosed he would occasion the destruction of many cities. The next day she published the account, and when the tyrant appeared as an evil spirit hurled from the chain of divine custody, Himera seeing him with a crowd, exclaimed. "This is he whom I have seen." This being told to Dionysius, provoked him to put her to death *.

Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, and Domitian, are each represented to have foreboded with guilty apprehension in their dreams, the in-dignation of the gods, as manifested in their several fates.

* Valer. Max. L. i. C. 7.

Archelaus, having reigned ten years in Judea, was accused by his subjects to Caesar of cruelty and tyranny, and was immediately summoned to his tribunal, his wealth seized, and he himself condemned to banishment. It Was pretended, that this issue of his affairs had been before disclosed to him in a dream, in which he had seen ten ears of corn strong, full, and fruitful, which were eaten up of oxen, and which amidst different constructions, Simon, an Essaean, had interpreted to portend an unhappy change of affairs, as oxen were deemed emblems of misery, being creatures burthened with work; and emblems of change, because in ploughing they turn up the earth; the ten ears he represented to be so many years, in which time the harvest should be gathered, and the power of Archelaus be terminated *•