These are the only common forms of the verb shall, though shalt is sometimes seen.

These forms are not always used alike. Let us compare the uses of should in these sentences:

I knew I should see you.

You should study.

If you should decide to go, let me know.

In the latter part of the first sentence, it is seeing that is asserted. The infinitive see is the predicate attribute. Should is a copulative verb and should see is a verb phrase.

In the second sentence, obligation is asserted. Since the word should expresses obligation, it is the predicate attribute. The verbal study shows what the obligation is, and is, therefore, the object (§ 40). The words should study are not a verb phrase (§ 75).

Should is often used to show doubt, as in Sentence 3. Here it helps to make a subjunctive verb phrase.

Let us compare the uses of shall:

I shall take cold if I stay here long.

You shall obey me.

The dub shall meet every Friday evening.

In the first, taking cold is asserted. Take is the predicate attribute, and shall is a copulative verb expressing future time. Shall take is a verb phrase.

In the second, an obligation, or compulsion, is asserted. The verb shall expresses this and is the predicate attribute. It is an attributive verb, and the infinitive obey is the object. Shall obey is not a verb phrase.

The third is similar to the second. Change shall to mil and notice the difference in meaning.

Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.

This means You ought to love your neighbor. Obligation is asserted. The verb shall expresses this and is an attributive transitive verb. Love is its object and shall love is not a verb phrase.

Exercise 295

Explain the use of each verb and tell whether it is or is not a part of a verb phrase.

1. I am afraid I shall slip.

2. Every one should treat the poor boy kindly.

8. If it should rain, you should carry an umbrella.

4. Thou shalt not steal.

5. I shall remember your kindness.

6. I should like to meet Mr. Wilson.

7. I shall be glad to see you.

8. John shall keep his promise. 0. I knew that I should cough.

10. We shall not hear from home until Tuesday.

11. You shall leave this house now.

12. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.

13. He knew that he should tell the truth.

14. I shall long remember this happy day.

15. I should be glad if you could help me.

16. We shall often think of your pleasant home.

17. We should appreciate your help in the matter.

18. I shall be pleased to see you any day. 10. We shall expect you at eight o'clock.