Fig.

1. Section of Yellow Pine

2. Section of Oak Tree Trunk

3. Defects in Lumber .

4. Felling a Tree ....

5. Cutting Small Branches from Felled Spruce

6. Skid way of Spruce Logs .

7. Load of White Pine Logs

8. Hauling Logs by Steel Cable .

9. Loading Logs from Shedway to Train

10. Boom of Logs ....

11. LogJam .....

12. Sawmill in the Big Tree District

13. Circular Saw ....

14. Double Cut Band Saw

15. Plain, Slash, or Bastard Sawing

16. Four Methods of Quartering .

17. Lumber Scale ....

18. Beech and Sugar Maple Forest

19. White Pine Forest .

20. Douglas Spruce Forest

21. Bed Spruce and Balsam Fir Killed by Fire

22. Permanent Lumber Ways

23. Warping of Lumber.

24. Lumber piled in Double Courses

25. Manual-training Bench .

26. Carpenter's Bench .

27. Two-foot, Four-fold Rule

28. Zigzag Rule .

29. Position of Try-square in Squaring an Edge

30. Use of Two Try-squares to see if Piece of Wood is

31. Position of Try-square when Making Line

32. Steel, or Framing, Square ...

33. Bevel and Steel Square

34. Marking Gauge

35. Marking Gauge in Use

36. Claw Hammer .

37. Toenailing and Tacking

38. Blind Nailing and Use of a Nail Set

39. Hatchet and Handaxe ' .

40. Mallets (Square-faced and Round)

41. Saws - Rip-, Cutting-off, and Compass, or Keyhole

42. Backsaw .

43. Use of the Saw

44. Reset Saw Handle .

45. Knife Blades .

46. Section of an Iron Plane

47. Result of Using Plane with Improperly Adjusted Cap Iron

48. Result of Using Plane with Cap Iron Adjusted Properly

49. Setting a Plane .......

50. Whetting and Grinding of Plane ....

51. Whetting or Oilstoning the Beveled Side of a Cutter

52. Whetting or Oilstoning the Plain Side of the Plane Iron

53. Shape of Edge of Plane Iron .

54. Jack Plane .....

55. Method of Guiding a Jointer .

56. Knuckle Joint Block Plane

57. Use of the Block Plane

58. Using Block Plane upon Small Pieces 50. Incorrect Use of Jack Plane

60. Beginning the Stroke with a Jack Plane

61. Ending the Stroke with a Jack Plane

62. Chisels ....

63. Drawshave

64. Spokeshave

65. Auger Bit

66. Cross-handled Auger

67. German Bit and Twist Drill

68. Extension Bit and Center Bit

69. Filing an Auger Bit .

70. Ratchet Bitbrace

71. Compasses

72. Calipers ....

73. Pliers............ 95

74. Nippers............ 95

75. Scraper............ 96

76. Edges of Scrapers.......... 97

77. Angle of Burnisher with Sides of Scraper..... 97

78. Method of Grasping Scraper for Sharpening ..... 98

79. Top Views of the Angles of the Burnisher..... 99

80. Angle to he avoided in Sharpening Scraper ..... 100

81. Turning back the Edge of a Scraper...... 100

82. Method of Grasping the Scraper when Working upon a Broad Surface . . . ......... 101

83. Method of Grasping the Scraper when Working within Small Area 101

84. Method of Grasping the Scraper when Working upon an Edge . 102

85. Monkey Wrench .......• . . .103

86. Effect of the Unskillful Use of a Handscrew..... 103

87. Correct Use of Handscrew ........ 104

88. Emery Wheel Dresser......... 106

89. Jointing a Saw .......... 109

90. Hand Saw Set........... 110

91. Anvil Saw Set........... 110

92. Angle of the File with the Edge of the Saw..... 111

93. Angle of the File with the Sides of the Saw..... 111

94. Results of Filings as shown in Fig. 93...... 112

95. Method of Carrying a File to obtain the Hook of a Cutting-off Saw 112

96. Removing the Burr after Filing a Saw...... 113

97. Use of Sandpaper upon a Broad Surface...... 124

98. Sandpapering Panel Work........ 126

99. Method of Grasping Sandpaper in Rubbing down Shellac Finish . 134