146. It has been shown (55) how the young tree was planted. We will now return to that point, and examine the operations which it must each year undergo, in order that it may assume the square form of training, and be well filled up in all its parts, with an equal vigor throughout.

147. As stated (56), the young tree on being planted in autumn is cut back to eight or ten inches above the place where it was budded; see fig. 6, which represents the tree as it comes from the nursery - b is the bud, a is the point to which it is headed back when planted. In the following spring, the development commences of the eyes a and b, destined to originate the two main branches of the tree; and eyes situated lower than these, as c, are not destroyed till the two shoots from a and b are faisly started.

148. During the first year of planting, it is sufficient to superintend the growth of the two young shoots by training them loosely in the form of a somewhat open V. Their training is continued according to their growth, and so that the young shoots may take a perfectly straight direction. The first year's growth, except in case of accident, generally gives the results which are represented by fig. 7. At this stage, it is of importance to direct the young shoots by two perfectly straight rods.

149. If by any chance one of the young shoots should perish, the survivor must be trained upright, and pinched when ten or twelve inches in length, in order to form well-established eyes at its base, with the view of obtaining, in the following spring, two young shoots fit for commencing the two main branches.