This section is from the book "Beverages And Their Adulteration Origin, Composition, Manufacture, Natural, Artificial, Fermented, Distilled, Alkaloidal And Fruit Juices", by Harvey W. Wiley. Also available from Amazon: Beverages And Their Adulteration.
A typical solera may be represented, for sake of illustration, by a solera containing 50 casks, divided into five groups. Each group, therefore, will contain 10 casks, and each group of casks may represent one year. In this case the wine would be matured in five years, which is, of course, too short a time for making an Amontillado. It may be further assumed that the solera has been in working order for a number of years. At the time of the first filling with new wine, therefore, each of the first series of casks, having had 25 gallons taken out of them, will receive 25 gallons of new wine. After one year 25 gallons of the old wine will be taken out of the fifth group, which will be filled from the fourth, the fourth from the third, the third from the second, and the second from the first. The first group will then be ready to receive 25 gallons more of new wine, and this process goes on indefinitely. In point of fact, the usual custom is to withdraw from the oldest group of casks twice during the year, so that half of the contents of the old wine will be drawn off each year. Enough of new wine is kept in casks to make the second filling in the first group. Thus, a solera of 50 casks will give 50 gallons from each one each year of finished wine, or 250 gallons a year.
 
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