One of the essential requirements of a good road is a solid foundation, and without this it is impossible to keep the contour and the surface in good condition. After the excavating has been done, good hard stone pitching should be packed edgewise from 9in. at the channel to 15in, in the centre of the road; see that these stones are packed close. Go over the pitching with nobbling hammers, knocking off any prominent pieces of the stone. Put on the top a quantity of small scappling or hard bricks, and break these up, so as to fill all open spaces. A coating of good clinking cinder, rolled in with a heavy horse roller, will make a good compact foundation for the macadam. Iron ore slag or copper slag, if available in the district, will serve admirably for the next coat. Spread a coating of either of these materials, or of granite to pass a 3-in. ring, from 3 in. thick at channels to 6 in. in the centre of the road, and then traverse the work with a steam roller. The road will now be ready for top capping, a most important operation. The granite should be of good quality, hard and durable, with good weather-resisting properties, and should be broken to pass a 1 1/2-in. ring.

The pieces should be angular; anything of a flat, chippy nature should be avoided, for it cannot be rolled into a compact mass, and the traffic very soon wears it away to sludge. Give the road a uniformly thick (2 in. to 3 in.) coating of this material; then run the roller on the sides, and work to the centre. The next material required is the binding, which must be chosen carefully. One of the best binders is a fine sandy gravel, and one of this to six of material is a fair proportion. This having been spread on the road, water it freely, brush well in with stiff brooms, and fill up all slack places as the rolling proceeds. When the surface has begun to assume a mosaic-like appearance, and the binding begins to accumulate on the top, it should be swept into the channels. Fine granite chippings are rolled in at this stage, for the purpose of filling up all interstices between the larger stones, but if 1/2-in. angular stones were used for this purpose the road would be much more free from sludge, lor on any road on which the traffic is heavy the thin chipping must very soon be ground to dust.