(1) Trowel type painting knife with flexible steel blade in wood handle (fig. 261).

trowel type painting knife

Figure 261.

(2) Double palette cup for oil and turpentine (fig. 262).

double palette cup

Figure 262.

(3) Glass muller and slab for grinding colors (fig. 263).

glass muller

Figure 263.

(4) China mixing palette for tempera with rows of round and slanting wells (fig. 264). An ordinary muffin tin also makes a satisfactory container.

china mixing palette

Figure 264.

Supports For Oil Or Tempera

Convenient prepared supports are the panels listed below in their most practical sizes:

Canvas Panels. Sizes in inches: 8 by 10, 12 by 16, 20 by 24. For more advanced work painters generally prefer to stretch their own canvases. Wooden stretchers for this purpose may be purchased in a wide variety of sizes (fig. 265). Linen is the best support, but other materials may be used for certain purposes. A few of the many textures and qualities available are illustrated below:

stretcher strips

Figure 265.

Linen with a finely woven, smooth texture for portraits and illustrations (fig. 266).

A heavy weight canvas with a medium texture for general sketching (fig. 267).

Figure 267.

Decorator's canvas of light-weight cotton with a medium texture. Practical for large paintings which are not intended to be permanent (fig. 268).

Figure 268.

Water-Color Paints

Tube colors are generally considered the most satisfactory. A simple palette should include: orange vermilion cadmium yellow (medium) burnt sienna yellow green (No. 11)

Sepia

Antwerp blue French blue alizarin crimson ivory black

The following may be added as the artist needs them: vermilion cadmium red brilliant orange cadmium orange aureolin lemon yellow viridian cerulean blue cobalt blue turquoise (No. II) mineral violet Indian red Prussian blue raw umber Davy's gray Payne's gray lamp black

Water-Color Brushes (Fig. 269)

The best quality are made of sable. If these are too expensive, brushes of camel's hair are a good substitute.

water color Brushes

Figure 269.

A practical kit for the beginner consists of one each of the following sizes of water color brushes: Nos. 4, 6, 8.

Water-Color Paper

For student work, blocks of paper are generally satisfactory. Any of the following sizes and textures are recommended.

Water color blocks. 24 sheets in smooth, medium or rough surfaces; sizes in inches: 9 by 12, 12 by 16, 16 by 20.

Professional work is generally done on loose sheets mounted on a stretcher or drawing board.

There are many rine papers, both imported and domestic; generally these come in three surfaces: smooth, medium, rough; sizes in inches: 19 by 24, 22 by 30.

Other Equipment For Water-Color Painting

The items listed below are all advisable for the water-color painter to own and in most cases are inexpensive.

Small soft sponge.

Sharp knife.

Japanned tin water color box with lid compart-mented as a palette (fig. 270). If the box is not needed, a while porcelain plate makes a satisfactory substitute for a palette.

japanned tin water color box

Figure 270.